When Sam is wanted by the police, he is supposed to be able to hide inside buildings (but not on roofs or in stairwells that are visible from outside) in order to evade arrest. However, because of a bug in the routine that checks whether Sam can be spotted by the police in his current location (see 28886), Sam's attempts at hiding may be either futile or undeservedly successful. In particular, if Sam is on the roof of or inside a building other than the hotel (and not in a stairwell that is visible from outside), he will be invisible to the police if he's facing right, but visible if he's facing left.

POKE 28910,44

If Sam is wanted by the police, one place he can go and be certain that the cops will not get him is the far right edge of the roof of the apartment building next to no. 74. As soon as Sam reaches that spot - at coordinates (23,6), to be precise - any policemen who are chasing him will turn round and head for the top floor of the hotel instead.

The reason for this is that the region containing the roof of the apartment building next to no. 74 is defined such that it extends only to x-coordinate 22 instead of 23, and the region adjacent to it (beginning at x-coordinate 23) corresponds to the top floor of the hotel (see 61416).

In addition, when the cops reach the top floor of the hotel, they will proceed to the wall of the room on the far right and then freeze.

When Sam feels that the time is right to turn himself in, he can unfreeze the policemen by approaching them. When he gets close enough, one of them will pick him up.

POKE 61416,24

Another place Sam can go and be certain that the cops will not get him is the room above his office. First you'll need to get the hook (POKE 32745,64 while a game is in progress). Then go to the top-floor cyan room in the apartments next to no. 19, call the police, hang up, go to the right edge of the roof of the apartments, throw the hook over the roof of no. 19, make your way across the rope to the roof of no. 17, and go down into the room above Sam's office. Instead of following Sam there, the police will go to Sam's office instead and run up and down continuously.

The reason for this is that the routine at 60812 assumes that every level of a building is reachable by climbing staircases going up from the ground floor. This is true for every building in the city except no. 17: there is no staircase leading up to the top floor from Sam's office below. So the police make their way to Sam's office only to find that there is no route up to their destination.

Go to the far left of the room above Sam's office (to do which you'll need the hook: POKE 32745,64) and turn round to face right; part of Sam's sprite will appear outside the room.

After throwing the hook (POKE 32745,64 while a game is in progress gives Sam the hook) over the roof of no. 19, cross the rope to the extreme left edge of the roof of no. 17, turn round, and press 'A' ('down') or 'O' ('left') twice - Sam will step down below the level of the rope so that his feet are hidden. From here it's possible to walk below the level of the rope all the way back to the roof of the apartment building.

This bug is caused by the location descriptors at 47590. In particular, the descriptors at 47596 (y=6) and 47598 (y=7) should not apply to x-coordinate 222. One way around this is to give x-coordinate 222 its own set of location descriptors for y-coordinates 13, 19, 25, and 31:

If Sam stands on the right edge of the roof of the apartment building next to no. 19 while the rope is there and both policemen are chasing him, one policeman will pick him up, and the other will then walk onto the rope and eventually get stuck at the right end, next to the edge of the roof of no. 17.

(POKE 32745,64 gives Sam the hook while a game is in progress, and there is a phone in the far left room on the top floor of the apartment building from which Sam can call the police.)

The key to reproducing this bug is to keep the policemen at bay until both of them have spotted Sam on the edge of the roof and are heading there to catch him. This can be done by stepping off the edge of the roof and onto the rope (which makes a chasing policeman turn round and head the other way), staying there for a few seconds, and then turning round and stepping off the rope and back onto the edge of the roof (which makes a chasing policeman turn round again and head for Sam's location).

Using this technique, Sam can keep one policeman busy until the other shows up, and then allow himself to be arrested.

The non-arresting policeman proceeds to the edge of the roof even after Sam has been arrested because of a quirk in the routine at 29361, which makes the policeman complete his journey to the spot he was heading for while chasing Sam before resuming normal patrol duty on the sidewalk.

But why doesn't the non-arresting policeman then simply step down from the edge of the roof and return to the sidewalk? Here is where the story gets complicated.

The policeman is standing at (206,6,1) (on the top-right edge of the roof), facing right. His destination is somewhere on the sidewalk or road. Under these conditions, the routine at 60812 returns with A=4 (go down) at 61026. The routine at 62976 takes this return value and jumps to the routine at 60320. This routine then moves the policeman forwards (and therefore onto the rope), because there is no step going down at (206,6): the location descriptor for (206,6,1) at 50165 says 'left, right' only.

The policeman keeps moving forwards in search of a way down, until he finds one at the right end of the rope, and takes it. With the policeman now at (221,7,1), the routine at 60812 returns with A=1 (go right) at 61019, because his x-coordinate (221) is less than the x-coordinate of the top of the staircase leading down to the floor below (236, as defined by the third byte of the region identifier entry at 61436; this is the staircase leading down from the roof of no. 17 to the room above Sam's office). Then the policeman turns round, heads right, and gets stuck at (222,7,1), because the only available direction at that location is left (as defined by the location descriptor at 47598).

Note, however, that the policeman who gets stuck in this way can still arrest Sam (if Sam later becomes wanted by the police, and tries to make his way across the rope). If that happens, Sam gets stuck too, and the game is effectively over.

Further evidence that policemen and roofs don't mix can be found on the roof of the apartment building next to no. 74. If Sam stands in the spot just to the left of the right edge of this roof when both policemen are chasing him, one policeman will pick him up, and the other will then pace up and down the roof continuously, unable to find his way back to the sidewalk and regular patrol duty.

(There is a phone in the right-hand magenta room on the third floor of the apartment building from which Sam can call the police.)

Again, the key to reproducing this bug is to keep the policemen at bay until both of them have spotted Sam near the edge of the roof and are heading there to catch him. This can be done by stepping towards the far right edge of the roof (which makes a chasing policeman turn round and head the other way), staying there for a few seconds, and then turning round and stepping back to the spot just to the left of the edge of the roof (which makes a chasing policeman turn round again and head for Sam's location).

So what prevents the non-arresting policeman from returning to the sidewalk after Sam has been arrested in this case? As noted in the previous bug, there is a quirk in the routine at 29361, which makes the policeman complete his journey to the spot he was heading for while chasing Sam before resuming normal patrol duty on the sidewalk. So first of all, the policeman heads for (22,6), just to the left of the top-right edge of the roof. Unfortunately, however, he never makes it there.

Before any character can reach the location at (22,6), he must first pass the location at (21,7). When the policeman reaches that spot, the routine at 60812 returns with A=2 (go left) at 61099, because his x-coordinate (21) is greater than the x-coordinate of the bottom of the (non-existent) staircase leading to the floor above (20, as defined - incorrectly - by the fourth byte of the region identifier entry at 61416). Therefore the policeman turns round and walks left instead of stepping up onto the top edge of the roof.

Then, when the policeman reaches (19,7), the routine at 60812 returns with A=1 (go right) at 61097, because his x-coordinate (19) is now less than 20. Therefore the policeman turns round and walks right, back to (21,7). And so on and so forth, until Sam is once again wanted by the police, and the policeman's destination changes to wherever Sam is.

POKE 61419,21

When Sam's score hits 50, the first phone message from Lana (message 59: LANA ANSWERED 'OOH SAM! THEY KILLED MY FIANCE AND STOLE THE BUDGIE') is activated (see 24569). However, if Sam calls Lana (on 7162) from the phone in the third-floor magenta room in the apartments next to no. 74 while the room past the catwalk is on-screen, no one answers.

The reason no one answers is that (a) a phone in a room that is currently on-screen will be answered only if a character is nearby (see 30511), and (b) Lana's phone is the one in the room past the catwalk (see 27392).

When Sam phones Lana while in possession of the budgie, he should receive the message 'LANA ANSWERED 'OOH SAM! YOUVE GOT THE BIRD. SEE YOU IN YOUR OFFICE''. However, if Sam phones Lana while he has both the hook and the budgie, he will get no message; this is because the event table entry at 24763 checks that Sam has the budgie and only the budgie. (POKE 32745,192 gives Sam the hook and the budgie while a game is in progress.)

POKE 24768,56: POKE 24779,48

In game mode 4 - after Lana has been put in jail and the mob is after Sam - Sam can call 999 and hear the message 'OK CRUISE WE'RE COMING'. However, no policeman ever arrives, because there are no police on patrol duty in game mode 4.

Sam must have at least $46 when he's arrested, otherwise the game will end immediately (see 31642). In addition, if Sam has $20 or less when the jailer comes to let him out of the cell, the routine at 31594 will enter an infinite loop by trying to find a bail amount of $20 or more that Sam can afford, effectively ending the game and sentencing Sam to a life of suspended animation in jail.

But can this actually happen? Is it possible for the jailer to come down from his office too late to save Sam from a life sentence? Let's do the maths and see.

First, let's assume that Sam does have only $46 when he's arrested, and that he's arrested in the location that is farthest from the police station: the roof of the apartment building next to no. 74. It takes the arresting policeman about 1m14s to get to the jail cell (with Sam) from that location. Since Sam loses a dollar every 5.12s (see 31414), that means he will have no more than $32 left by the time he's dropped off. And 1m2s later, he will have no more than $20 - the critical amount. The question thus becomes: is it possible for the jailer to take more than 1m2s to come down and let Sam out?

The jailer's routine involves walking up and down in his office for a while, going down to the cell to let Sam out (if he's there), going back up to the office, and starting all over again. The number of walkabouts he performs will be anywhere from 32 to 63 (see 63304). Each walkabout consists of walking to a randomly chosen spot that is 6, 4, 2 or 0 x-coordinates to the left of the walkabout origin. Travelling one x-coordinate requires two movements. So the number of movements the jailer will make while walking up and down in his office could be as high as 63*12=756, but will be 47.5*5=237.5 on average.

Now to translate that into actual time. The character-moving routine at 61948 moves three characters at once, and there are 16 characters to be moved. Therefore each character is moved on one in every 5.33 passes through the main loop when running, and one in every 10.66 passes when walking. Passes through the main loop are made at least 0.02s apart, so a walking character is moved once every 0.21s. This means that the jailer could spend as much as 756*0.21=158.76s walking up and down in his office, but will on average spend 237.5*0.21=49.875s doing so. To those figures we would need to add the time taken to walk down to the jail cell from the office.

So it is possible for the jailer to spend too long in his office before coming down to let Sam out. Unlikely, but certainly possible.

When Sam knocks a character over by landing on his head from above, that character is supposed to:

But because of a bug in the routine at 64131, the walking back part of step (3) is omitted. Worse than that, if the character was midstride at the time of the collision, step (3) is replaced by an immediate teleportation to the character's pre-knockout, post-midstride coordinates. As a result, you might see the recovering character zip from A (the point where he stops staggering around) to B (the spot just to the left or right of where he was hit on the head) without passing through the intervening space.

POKE 64140,40

If Sam moves midstride just before being picked up by a policeman, then he can escape from the jail cell after being dropped there by the simple act of turning round (to face right). As soon as he does that, he will teleport back to the spot where he was arrested.

Whenever Sam (or indeed any character) moves midstride, his post-midstride animatory state, x-coordinate and y-coordinate are calculated and stored in bytes 5, 6 and 7 of his buffer by the section of code at 60423, to be retrieved later (usually soon after) by the routine at 60506. However, if Sam is picked up by a policeman while he's midstride, his post-midstride movement is delayed. When 'P' is pressed after he's been dropped in the cell, the routine at 60636 is called, which first turns Sam round (because he's facing left). Then that routine jumps to the code at 60644, which detects the post-midstride y-coordinate stored in byte 7 of Sam's buffer, and accordingly sets the midstride timer in byte 9 of his buffer to a non-zero value. A few passes through the main loop later, the midstride timer is decremented to zero by the code at 61545, and Sam is belatedly moved to the post-midstride coordinates that were calculated just before he was arrested.

The following POKEs fix this bug by making sure that Sam's post-midstride y-coordinate is cleared when he's picked up by a policeman:

POKE 29188,0: POKE 29189,1: POKE 29191,7

Note that the midstride trick does not work with gangsters, because the code at 64422 sets byte 7 of Sam's buffer (which holds his post-midstride y-coordinate) to zero when he lands after being dropped off the roof of a building. To enable the midstride trick to be used with gangsters:

POKE 64426,8

Now when Sam turns round after coming to, he will teleport back to the spot where he was picked up by the gangster.

It's possible for part of the sniper's sprite to remain on screen after the screen has scrolled the sniper's body out of view. To see this, go to the first floor of the apartments next to no. 19, and position Sam so that the doorsteps of no. 19 are visible on the left side of the screen.

When the sniper appears on the left side of the doorsteps, move Sam left so that the screen scrolls right. The brim of the sniper's hat and maybe also his gun will remain visible at the right edge of the screen until wiped away by other characters passing by on the sidewalk.

One of the defining characteristics of a sniper is that he should remain concealed or inconspicuous when aiming at his target. However, because of a bug in the sniper-controlling routine at 25118, the sniper will, after emerging to take aim, remain brazenly out in the open for all to see until Sam gets too close. The apparent intention of the sniper-controlling routine is that the sniper should emerge, shoot once or twice, and then hide again when byte 16 of the sniper's buffer has been decremented to zero from its original value between 10 and 25 (see 25307).

It's possible to lock the gangsters at no. 19 out of their house, leaving Sam free to enter via the roof and explore the mob stronghold with impunity. To achieve this feat, proceed to no. 19 and stand on the right edge of the front doorstep.

When the door opens, the gangsters will walk out onto the doorstep and then freeze, as if uncertain where to go next to grab Sam.

If Sam then goes back down to the sidewalk, the gangsters will unfreeze and start knocking on the front door - but because there's no one at home to answer it, they'll never get in.

If, on the other hand, Sam approaches the gangsters on the doorstep, one of them will pick him up with the intent of carrying him to the roof, but will instead get stuck at the front door, unable to get in.

The reason that the gangsters freeze on the doorstep of no. 19 is a combination of a quirk in the routine at 60812 (which determines the next move a character should make to reach his destination), the boundary of the inner region that is watched by the gangsters (as defined at 64836), and the logic in the routine at 31362 (which controls a gangster who is chasing Sam). When a gangster arrives at the front door his coordinates are (211,31,1) and Sam's are (212,31,2). The routine at 60812 then sends the gangster down a step to (210,32,2) instead of simply turning him round and changing his z-coordinate from 1 to 2. But (210,32,2) is outside the inner region watched by the gangster (which extends only to y-coordinate 31), which means the routine at 31362 will abort without moving the gangster anywhere while Sam remains inside the inner region.

The gangsters at no. 19 are not the only ones who can become confused and freeze while chasing Sam: the gangster who watches for Sam outside the police station in game modes 2 and 3 is susceptible to the same trick as well.

To see this, Sam first needs to get to the right edge of the police station steps, just above the sidewalk:

(Sam can get here without being caught by the gangster either by going via the roof of no. 27 - assuming he has the key to that house - or by calling the police and enduring a brief stint in jail first.) When the gangster is beyond the left edge of the police station steps, step down onto the sidewalk, and then quickly back up onto the police station steps. The gangster will follow Sam onto the first step above the sidewalk and then freeze:

The gangster will remain frozen until Sam leaves the outer region (0<=x<255, 10<=y<36) by going to y=9 (between the 4th and 5th floors of a building). It's possible for Sam to run past the gangster (towards no. 31 on the left) while he's frozen without being picked up, but this manoeuvre requires perfect timing that's impossible to judge from just watching the screen, and will fail more often than not.

The routine at 30160 is supposed to determine the amount of time for which the current message (or message portion) should remain on screen before the next one is displayed. This interval is normally 2.56s, but is reduced to 0.64s if an urgent message has been queued (see 30154). However, if the urgent message number is stored at a lower address in the 8-byte message queue at 32696 than the number of the message currently being displayed, the routine at 30160 will fail to find it, and so messages will continue to be displayed at normal speed. To demonstrate this:

The knocked-out sprites for certain characters contain blank tiles that should be transparent:

The reason for this is that the routine at 63784, which prepares the tiles for a knocked-out sprite by making rotated copies of tiles 1-4 and 6-9 of the character's base sprite, needlessly makes rotated copies of blank tiles (those with a tile reference of 0) too. However, the blank tile (the graphic and mask data for which are located at addresses 50944 TO 54784 STEP 256) does not contain the correct mask data - it is all zeroes instead of 255s. This is not normally a problem because the sprite-tile-printing routine at 59635 is optimised to ignore sprite tiles with a tile reference of 0. But the rotated copies of the blank tile have non-zero tile references, and are therefore drawn.

This bug is noticeable if Sam knocks over one of the affected characters on the sidewalk: the blank tiles will obscure parts of the building (and possibly other characters) behind the stunned character, as shown here where Sam has just landed on Daisy after being dropped from the roof of no. 19:

The simplest fix is to set the mask data for the blank tile to all 255s:

Another fix (which leaves the graphic and mask data for the blank tile completely unused) is to set the relevant tile references in the affected sprites to 0:

POKE 55463,0	POKE 55479,0 POKE 57783,0	POKE 55503,0	POKE 55511,0	POKE 55519,0 POKE 57823,0	POKE 55527,0

The icon for the ringing telephone is perhaps not as it should be. Note how the business end of the earpiece is 3 pixels long, compared with 2 pixels when the phone is not ringing:

However, this is probably not a bug in the graphic data itself. If the routine at 28660 is modified so that it copies the otherwise unused two bytes of graphic data (which correspond to the earpiece) from 28739 to the screen, the ringing telephone icon looks like this instead:

POKE 28691,5

When Sam hits the ground after being dropped from the roof of a building by a gangster, the portion of the screen containing the play area (that is, the top 20 rows) is scrolled up and down seven times, with an accompanying sound effect. On each upward scroll, the 20th row of the screen is supposed to be replaced by a solid blue line (attribute value 9). However, because of a bug in the scrolling routine (see 64618), instead of the 20th row of the attribute file being POKEd with 9s, the top pixel line of the 20th row of the display file is POKEd with 9s, which produces quite a different - and visually jarring - effect.

POKE 64668,90

When Sam moves up from the sidewalk onto the front steps of a building, his z-coordinate remains at 4 instead of changing to 2, which means that people walking past on the sidewalk below will be drawn behind him instead of in front of him:

The reason for this is that the location descriptors for z=4 (see 50176) that correspond to the front steps of buildings don't have bit 0 or bit 1 set to indicate that a z-coordinate transition should occur, and so the section of code at 60404 leaves Sam's z-coordinate unchanged upon climbing the step.

Conversely, the location descriptors for z=4 that correspond to the places where there is a step up from the road to the sidewalk (at x=7, 14, 164 and 198) do have bit 0 or bit 1 set. So when Sam moves up from the road to the sidewalk, his z-coordinate will change from 4 to 2, which means that other characters on the sidewalk will be drawn not behind him (as is the norm) but in front of him.

After Sam has collected the hook from no. 74, an immobilised banknote can be seen on the sidewalk outside that building or the hotel. The banknote can be somersaulted onto repeatedly (to gain extra cash) without disappearing.

The reason this happens is that the routine at 25420 brings the banknote out of service when Sam collects the hook - thus leaving character buffer 229 available for use by the hook when it's thrown - but doesn't remove the banknote from view.

Approach the gangster on the catwalk from the left, and stop at the point where moving right once would make the gangster starting chasing Sam (who is shown outside here for clarity):

Now quickly take one step right, and then turn round and run up to the roof of the apartment building. After briefly chasing Sam, the gangster will return to the catwalk, but now he is running continuously instead of walking.

The first entry in the data table at 33064 in the loader code results in 33149 being POKEd with 134 (replacing the original contents: 124); but 33149 is in the data table itself, and corresponds to address 54144, which means that 54144 ends up being POKEd with 134 instead of 124, thus leading to the graphic glitch Lana's waist.

POKEing 33149 with 134 is actually redundant, since 33149 is in an area of memory that is overwritten soon after loading (33149 contains the LSB of the operand of the 'LD (32902),A' instruction at 33148 in the save routine).

This bug is not present in the re-release of Contact Sam Cruise by Summit Software in 1988, which uses a different loading scheme.

Some light switches are accessible in places they're probably not supposed to be: when flipped, they affect lights in places other than where the light-switch-flipper is standing.

For example, go to the right-hand side of the shop underneath no. 17 and flip the light switch - it switches on the lights on the second and third floors on the right-hand side of no. 17.

Now go into the door of no. 17 and move as far right as you can; flip the light switch there and the light in the shop underneath no. 15 comes on.

This time, go into the door of no. 17 and move as far left as you can; flip the light switch there and the light in the shop underneath no. 17 comes on.

When the screen scrolls left or right as Sam moves through the play area, certain members of character groups 215-221 are moved in and out of operation, depending on the portion of the play area that is visible. In particular, the lady in a hat who is a member of character group 215 is in operation only when the far left edge of the play area is on screen (see 65198). That is a rather small range of operation - so small, in fact, that it's possible to see her move out of operation (and become motionless) when the left edge of the play area scrolls out of view:

Like the displaced dame described above, the man in a bowler hat who is a member of character group 221 and walks up and down on the second and third floors of the apartment building next to no. 19 can be seen becoming motionless when the screen scrolls too far to the right: